Oppositional Defiant Disorder vs. What Causes Oppositional Defiant Disorder? The exact cause of ODD is unknown, though many professionals trace it back to a combination of psychological, social, and biological factors. ODD symptoms are often linked to prenatal smoke exposure, toxin exposure, or poor nutrition.
Traumatic life events, like childhood abuse, can trigger ODD for some people. Parents and teachers are often the first to identify oppositional behavior in children. Then, the next step is to visit a child psychiatrist or other qualified mental health professional. To diagnose ODD in children accurately, a physician will perform an evaluation to rule out anxiety or mood disorders, which can all cause ODD-like behaviors. An evaluating physician may compile a detailed behavior history from parents, teachers, and clinical observation.
The physician may use rating scales and questionnaires to make a complete assessment. Diagnosis is time consuming because multiple sources of information must be assessed. A person with ODD seldom takes responsibility for her behavior and the effect it has on everyone around them. It usually takes a highly qualified physician to determine whether problems at school, work, or home trace back to ODD.
Before diagnosing oppositional defiant disorder , the clinician must rule out conditions such as a mood disorder, personality disorders particularly borderline, narcissistic and antisocial personality disorders , trauma physical or sexual abuse , as well as substance abuse.
Each of these can cause oppositional behavior and ODD symptoms. The strain of dealing with ODD affects the entire family, and may strain marital relationships. Fortunately, effective therapies exist for reigning in even the most defiant child or adult. Changing behaviors is not easy, but it can be done — typically with the help of specialized psychotherapy, a physician to supervise treatment, and occasionally medication. This can impact on their relationships, career prospects and quality of life.
Some children with ODD will develop the more serious conduct disorder CD , which is characterised by aggressive law-breaking and violent behaviours. Characteristics of ODD ODD behaviours usually surface when the child is at primary school, but the disorder can be found in children as young as three years of age. A child with ODD may: Become easily angered, annoyed or irritated Have frequent temper tantrums Argue frequently with adults, particularly the most familiar adults in their lives such as parents Refuse to obey rules Seem to deliberately try to annoy or aggravate others Have low self-esteem Have a low frustration threshold Seek to blame others for any accidents or bad behaviour.
Link to conduct disorder Without intervention and treatment, some children with ODD progress to develop conduct disorder CD , which is characterised by aggressive and delinquent behaviours including: Lying Being sadistic or cruel to animals and people Physically or sexually abusing others Law-breaking behaviours such as deliberately lighting fires, vandalism or stealing.
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